液压阻尼孔的宽温度范围流动特性试验研究

研制一种适合对各种液压孔口或缝隙进行高低温流体力学试验的新型试验装置，运用该装置对具有不同几何参数的液压阻尼孔进行在-50~80℃宽温度范围内的流动特性试验，研究以普通抗磨液压油HM46和低温抗凝减振器油TITAN SAF 5045为工质及其温度变化时对液压阻尼孔流量-压力特性曲线、幂指数和流量系数的影响，研究表明，在低温条件下，液压阻尼孔的流量系数均因油液黏度增大、流动性变差而呈线性下降的趋势，从宏观上看，HM46通过液压阻尼孔时的流动稳定性较差，其对应流量系数的下降幅度明显大于TITAN SAF 5045对应的下降幅度，厚壁小孔流量系数的下降幅度明显大于薄壁小孔对应的下降幅度。研究所获得的新型试验装置、试验数据分析方法和具体理论公式为深入研究和优化现代液压元件在宽温度范围内的动态性能提供新型试验平台与理论基础。     

基于数据拼接的金刚石刀具刃口三维形貌表征技术

原子力显微镜(AFM)是获取金刚石刀具刃口纳米级三维形貌的重要手段,但其存在测量范围小,难以表征参与切削区域整段刃口形貌特征的问题。采用基于迭代最近点法的刃口AFM测量数据拼接算法,获得了由多组数据拼接得到的刃口纳米级三维形貌,并进行了切削实验验证。实验结果表明,采用的数据拼接方法可较好地用于表征刀具刃口三维形貌。     

近50年大黑河流域气候水文要素变化趋势及突变分析

基于大黑河流域6个气象站1966～2013年气温、降水量、蒸发皿蒸发量、相对湿度和日照时数长期数据系列,采用气候倾向率和滑动t检验法分析了近50年大黑河流域气象要素的变化趋势及变异年份。结果表明,大黑河流域整体呈现暖干气候倾向,气温呈显著增高趋势,变化率为0.43～0.57℃/10a,气温增温变点大致出现了两次,分别在1986、1997年;降水量和蒸发量多呈不显著减少趋势,降水量先减(1981年)后增(1990年),蒸发皿蒸发量先减(1986年)后增(1996年);相对湿度、日照时数多呈显著减小趋势。     

Automated classification of simulated wind field patterns from multiphysics ensemble forecasts

In this study, we have proposed an automated classification approach to identify meaningful patterns in wind field data. Utilizing an extensive simulated wind database, we have demonstrated that the proposed approach can identify low‐level jets, near‐uniform profiles, and other patterns in a reliable manner. We have studied the dependence of these wind profile patterns on locations (eg, offshore vs onshore), seasons, and diurnal cycles. Furthermore, we have found that the probability distributions of some of the patterns depend on the underlying planetary boundary layer schemes in a significant way. The future potential of the proposed approach in wind resource assessment and, more generally, in mesoscale model parameterization improvement is touched upon in this paper.     

Effect of pyrolysis temperature on the mechanical evolution of SiCf/SiC composites fabricated by PIP

Three types of SiC_f/SiC composites with a four-step three-dimensional SiC fibre preform and pyrocarbon interface fabricated via precursor infiltration and pyrolysis at 1100 °C, 1300 °C, and 1500 °C were heat-treated at 1300 °C under argon atmosphere for 50 h. The effects of the pyrolysis temperature on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the SiC_f/SiC composites were studied. With an increase in the pyrolysis temperature, the SiC crystallite size of the as-fabricated composites increased from 3.4 to 6.4 nm, and the flexural strength decreased from 742 ± 45 to 467 ± 38 MPa. After heat treatment, all the samples exhibited lower mechanical properties, accompanied by grain growth, mass loss, and the formation of open pores. The degree of mechanical degradation decreased with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature. The composites fabricated at 1500 °C exhibited the highest property retention rates with 90% flexural strength and 98% flexural modulus retained. The mechanism of the mechanical evolution after heat treatment was revealed, which suggested that the thermal stability of the mechanical properties is enhanced by the high crystallinity of the SiC matrix after pyrolysis at higher temperatures.     

Design of energy‐efficient train speed profiles considering fixed‐block signaling system

In dense traffic railway networks, trains may often slow down or stop between stations owing to previous train delays. If preceding train trajectory can be predicted, energy‐efficient driving can be achieved by suppressing unnecessary speed changes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to find energy‐efficient driving considering fixed‐block signaling (FBS) system by using dynamic programming (DP). DP is suitable for use because it can optimize the control inputs with discrete and state constraints. In this paper, we discuss energy‐efficient driving by considering a FBS system using some case studies of simulation. In the simulation, we examine a technique to drive an express train in an energy‐efficient way when the preceding local train is running toward the station with passing loops. The results show that the proposed method can derive complex speed profiles for energy‐efficient driving and the train can be operated with a maximum reduced energy consumption of 8.3%.     

pH-sensitive self-assembling property of poly(ethyleneimine)/cinnamic acid mixture and its effect on pH-dependent release of monoolein cubic phase

Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)/cinnamic acid (CA) mixture was self-assembled into microsphere in aqueous phase. As the pH value increased, the self-assembly became hardly formed. As the molar ratio of the amino group of PEI to the carboxyl group of CA increased, the pH window for the formation of self-assembly became broader. The phase transition temperature of cubic phase was 58.5–67.5°C, depending on the PEI/CA content. The release of dye loaded in cubic phase containing PEI/CA increased in a first-order fashion. The release degree was higher at a lower pH value.     

Phytochemical Composition and in Vitro Analysis of Nopal (O. Ficus-Indica) Cladodes at Different Stages of Maturity

This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile and nutraceutical properties of nopal cladodes (Opuntia ficus-indica) at different stages of maturity. Medium-age cladodes showed the highest total saponins, phytosterols, and indigestible fiber, as well as the highest in vitro antioxidant capacity and digestive enzymes inhibitory activity. Furthermore, these cladodes presented the highest content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, narcissin, nicotiflorin, β-sitosterol, and sitosteryl-3-β-glucopyranoside, as well as several amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids. Whereas young cladodes contained the highest concentration of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. These results demonstrated that maturity affects the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of nopal cladodes.     

油封唇口温度变化对密封性能的影响

基于流量因子统计学方法建立油封唇口的混合流体润滑模型,耦合油封的能量守恒方程及黏温方程,通过迭代求解获得油封唇口的温度分布、不同转速下油封唇口的最高温度及温差变化情况;对比分析考虑和不考虑温差情况下油封各项密封性能。结果表明:随着转速的增大,唇口最高温度线性递增,而唇口温差先增大后减小;油封工作时,唇口区域的温度先迅速升高后下降,越靠近唇尖的位置温度越高;与不考虑温度的情况比较,考虑温度变化的影响时密封区域的油膜厚度减小,油膜承载力下降,不利于密封。